How to Get Around: Transportation in Japan
For many travelers to Japan, planning how to get around can be both exciting and intimidating.
After all, this is a country famous for its high-speed Shinkansen bullet trains, efficient yet notoriously crowded subway systems and a transportation infrastructure that’s somehow both cutting-edge and yet utterly bewildering to the uninitiated.
On a Japan self-guided tour, how you choose to travel can shape your entire experience. Indeed, the options for getting around Japan are vast & varied.
From deciding which way to get from Kyoto to Kyushu, to how best to navigate Tokyo or Osaka, or trying to venture out to places off the beaten path, understanding the ins and outs of getting from point A to point B in Japan is essential.
In this comprehensive guide, we'll break down Japan’s transportation options, equipping you with the knowledge and confidence to tackle any distance, no matter how short or long. The goal is to help you make the most of your time in a travel destination where every minute counts.
The Essentials of Japan’s Transportation Systems
Japan’s transportation network is a well-oiled machine, designed to keep millions of people moving smoothly every day.
For many travelers, this means you’re in for a treat; the system is efficient, reliable and — with a little guidance — easy to navigate. But for others, the thought of navigating the subway in a place like Tokyo or Osaka can induce equal parts excitement and trepidation. Don’t worry, we’re here to help!
When planning your Japan self-guided tour, understanding how to make the most of this network is crucial. So let’s take a look.
Intercity Travel: Navigating Between Japan’s Major Destinations
When it comes to traveling between cities on your Japan self-guided tour, you’ve got options.
The Shinkansen (bullet train) is often the go-to for its speed and convenience, but it’s not the only way to move from place to place.
Domestic flights can be surprisingly affordable, especially if booked in advance, and they’re ideal for covering longer distances, like from Tokyo to Okinawa or Sapporo.
For those who prefer a more laid-back pace, long-distance buses are a budget-friendly option, though they’re best suited to night travel (many have sleeper seats or even private compartments) if you want to maximize your daytime exploring. Major destinations like the historic village of Shirakawa-go, the art-infused Naoshima Island, and the iconic Mount Fuji are all easily accessible by bus.
While the big cities have no shortage of captivating sights and experiences, some of Japan's most attractive destinations lie outside the urban sprawl. Expanding your horizons beyond the typical tourist trail requires a bit more planning, but the rewards for your Japan self-guided tour are well worth the effort.
The real charm of traveling between cities, though, often lies in the journey itself. The views from the train are often quite spectacular, especially on routes like the Tokaido Shinkansen, where you can catch a glimpse of Mount Fuji on a clear day.
Choosing the best method for intercity travel in Japan depends on your itinerary and priorities. If you’re short on time, the Shinkansen is hard to beat, but if you’ve got a flexible schedule, look into mixing it up: a flight for one leg, a scenic train ride for another, and perhaps even a bus journey to see a different side of the country.
Whatever you choose, planning ahead is key, especially during peak travel times like Golden Week, Obon or New Years, when tickets can sell out fast.
Long Distance Trains in Japan: Bullet Trains & Beautiful Journeys
If you’ve heard anything about travel in Japan, you’ve likely heard about the trains. Trains in Japan are not just a way to get around; they’re an experience in themselves.
The Shinkansen, or bullet trains, are the crown jewel of Japan’s rail system, offering a glimpse of the country’s engineering prowess as they whisk you between cities at speeds up to 200 miles per hour. These super-fast trains connect major cities like the Golden Route of Tokyo-Kyoto-Osaka, as well as destinations further afield such as Kyushu, Hokkaido, Kanazawa and the Tohoku region, making long-distance travel a breeze.
But speed isn’t the only impressive thing about Japan’s trains. Punctuality is practically a religion here; trains are so reliable that a delay of just a few minutes can make headlines.
If you’re traveling with large luggage, you can reserve specific seats on Shinkansen cars with extra storage space. Otherwise, consider sending your bag(s) ahead from one city to the next, by Yamato or Sagawa express service.
As convenient and fun to ride as the bullet trains are, don’t forget the charm of smaller, regional trains that offer scenic views of the countryside. Sometimes a slower, but more picturesque journey that can be a highlight of your trip.
This takes the form of regional train service on normal tickets; as well as unique trains of half-day, full-day or multi-day length that are purchased as special journey tickets.
Taking to the Skies: Domestic Air Travel in Japan
For those looking to cover a lot of ground in a short amount of time, domestic flights are a practical option for getting around Japan.
The country's major airports are located in Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya and Fukuoka, with frequent connections to cities across the archipelago. Airlines like Japan Airlines (JAL)and All Nippon Airways (ANA) offer reliable service, and you can often find reasonably priced tickets if you book well in advance.
That said, flying always save you time when you factor in the time it takes getting to and from the airport, as well as navigating the airports (which are admittedly much better than those in the US and elsewhere). Trains may end up being a more seamless option, especially for travel between the major hubs such as Tokyo to Osaka. But for reaching far-flung destinations, such as the routes from Tokyo to Sapporo (on the northern island of Hokkaido), Kyushu or Okinawa, flying can be the best bet.
Just be sure to do your research on baggage allowances, security procedures and airport access before your trip. Having a solid transportation plan for getting to and from the airport can make a big difference in ensuring a smooth journey.
City Transit in Japan: IC Cards, Google Maps & More
Many of Japan’s cities have remarkably efficient public transit networks that become surprisingly user-friendly once you get the hang of them.
In major cities like Tokyo, a subway or commuter train ride is often the quickest way to get from one neighborhood to another, and it’s a cultural experience in its own right. Trains are famously quiet, even during rush hour, you’ll witness the phenomenon of white-gloved attendants gently packing commuters into the carriages (somehow both impressive and a little surreal).
Buses are another essential mode of transport, especially in cities where subway lines don’t reach every corner. Kyoto’s bus system, for instance, is the best way to reach many of the city’s famous temples and gardens. The buses can get crowded, especially during tourist season, but they’re easy to use with an IC card, and most stops have English signage.
Travel in Japan Outside the Cities
In smaller towns and rural areas, getting around might require a bit more planning. Public transportation can be less frequent, and in some cases, nonexistent.
It’s in the countryside where renting a car can come in handy, giving you the freedom to explore at your own pace. Driving in Japan is relatively straightforward, with the exception that the steering wheel is on the right (with the clutch left-handed if present) and you drive on the left. It’s also important to note that many rural roads are narrow and winding, and parking can be scarce in tourist-heavy spots.
Booking a private driver or joining a small-group tour could also be options. These customized experiences can immerse you in local culture and traditions in a way that's tough to replicate on your own.
Taxi, Walking & Other Logistics of Travel in Japan
For those who prefer not to drive, taxis are generally available, though they can be expensive for long distances – such as from Narita Airport (the further out of the two Tokyo airports) to central Tokyo. Be sure to have your destination written down in Japanese to show the driver (we can do this for you with our Japan itinerary planning service).
Of course, walking is also a fantastic way to experience Japan's urban centers. In historic cities like Kyoto and Kanazawa, you can stumble upon charming backstreets, hidden temples, and local shops simply by strolling around. And if your feet start to tire, you can revert to taxi or public transport.
Using a tool like Google Maps, you can plan your journeys from one point to another and get the best options by public transportation – train, bus or combination of both.
Another key is to invest in a rechargeable IC card, like the ubiquitous Suica, ICOCA or Pasmo (depending on what region of Japan you start your trip in, you’ll see one of these on offer, though they can be used across Japan in most cases).
These tap-and-go cards work across multiple train and bus systems in a number of cities and towns in Japan, making it a breeze to hop between modes of transport. You can recharge your IC card at train stations and elsewhere, and you can also link some cards to your iPhone. Bonus: IC cards can be used for purchases in convenience stores, some vending machines and many other retail locations & tourist attractions.
When using public transportation, don't be afraid to ask staff for help if you get turned around. Most are happy to point you in the right direction, even if their English is limited (a translation app can come in handy). The signage in Japan's transit hubs are generally pretty good, so with a little bit of patient observation, you'll be weaving through the bustling crowds like a local.
Speaking of local, you’ll want to watch out for local trains versus express trains. An express train can skip several stations along the way, saving several minutes of time on even an intra-city journey. Conversely, some stations are served by local trains only; if your destination is one of these, be sure you’re boarding a local train.
Exploring on Two Wheels: Getting Around by Bicycle in Japan
Bicycles are a fantastic way to get around in Japan, especially in compact, pedestrian-friendly cities like Kyoto and Hiroshima.
Many hotels and dedicated rental shops offer bike rentals, and certain dedicated cycling paths (still too rare in Japan) can make it easy and safe to navigate.
Pedaling through historic neighborhoods or along scenic waterfronts is a wonderfully immersive way to experience the country. Just be mindful of traffic laws & local customs when cycling in Japan. Riding on the sidewalk is generally acceptable, but make sure to yield to pedestrians.
And in some cities, you may be required to register your rental bike with the local police. With a little awareness and caution, two wheels can be an incredibly rewarding way to explore.
Unique Transportation Experiences in Japan
Japan offers more than just conventional modes of transport; some of the country’s most memorable experiences involve unique and quirky ways of getting around.
Take the ferry ride to Miyajima, where you can catch views of the iconic Torii gate rising from the water as you approach the island.
Or the cable cars and ropeways that offer spectacular aerial views in places like Hakone or Mount Takao, turning your journey into an adventure in its own right.
For something truly off the beaten path, how about Japan’s rural and island regions? Here you might find yourself on a small boat, a retro tram or even a tractor-pulled cart. Ride one and it will be part of the story of your trip, giving you a glimpse into the local life and daily scenes that most tourists never see.
Even within cities, you can find unique transportation experiences.
In Kyoto, a rickshaw ride through the bamboo groves of Arashiyama is admittedly touristy, but it can offer a throwback to a bygone era.
Meanwhile in Tokyo, you might stumble upon a water bus ride down the Sumida River, offering a different perspective of the city’s skyline.
These are the kinds of experiences that stick with you long after your trip is over, adding layers to your memories of Japan.
Tips for a Seamless Japan Travel Experience
Traveling in Japan is generally straightforward, but a few insider tips can make your journey even smoother.
First, download a few essential apps before you go.
Navitime is helpful for navigating the train system, while Google Maps also works well for buses and walking directions. Another must-have is a translation app like Google Translate; though many signs and announcements are in English, having a backup can save the day in more remote areas. A translation app means being able to communicate with taxi drivers, bus operators and station attendants (as well as shop and restaurant staff) — indeed, a game-changer.
When it comes to timing, Japan’s trains are famously punctual, but it’s still wise to plan ahead. Give yourself plenty of time to navigate large stations like Tokyo or Shinjuku, where it’s easy to get turned around in the maze of platforms and exits.
And if you’re traveling during peak seasons, look into reserving your seats in advance; while many trains have unreserved seating, it’s worth the peace of mind to know you’ve got a spot, especially on popular routes.
Lastly, don’t underestimate the power of a well-planned itinerary. Knowing where you’re going and how you’re getting there can take a lot of the stress out of travel, allowing you to focus on enjoying the journey.
That’s why Japan Travel Pros offers both itinerary planning and in-country support services. You can schedule a free chat with one of our local Japan experts to find out more.
How to Make Getting Around Japan a Pleasure
Mastering the art of transportation in Japan may seem daunting at first, but with a little preparation and an open mind, it can be a seamless and even enjoyable part of your adventure.
As you plan your Japan adventure, take the time to think about how you’ll move around. The right choices can make the difference between a good trip and an unforgettable one.
Whether you're navigating mega-urban Tokyo or Osaka, or exploring the rural countryside in Kyushu, Shikoku or Hokkaido, embrace the challenge and let it enhance your understanding of the amazing travel destination of Japan.